Phytoremediation potencial of native flora of contaminated soils in portugal. This technology has been used for hundreds of years to treat human waste, re duce erosion, and protect water quality. Jan 28, 2015 baker ajm, mcgrath sp, reeves rd, smith jac 2000 metal hyperaccumulator plants. Currently, phytoremediation is an effective and affordable technological solution used to extract or remove inactive metals and metal pollutants from. Another plant used in phytoremediation for cleaner soil is indian mustard, which removes lead, selenium, zinc, mercury, and copper from the soil. Phytoremediation is an emerging bioremediation technology that uses the plant to remove contaminants from soil and water. Typical in situ phytoremediation system phytoremediation is a process that uses plants to remove, transfer, stabilize, and destroy contaminants in soil and sediment. Also explore the seminar topics paper on phytoremediation with abstract or synopsis, documentation on advantages and disadvantages, base paper presentation slides for ieee final year chemical engineering chem or ieee chemical btech, be, mtech students for the year 2015 2016. Brassica juncea, also known as indian mustard, mustard greens, chinese mustard, and leaf mustard, is a species of the mustard. Phytoremediation is a biological technique used to restore polluted water and soil environments to their natural state. The conventional treatment systems have many disadvantages like high cost, incomplete metal removal, etc.
Heavy metals are among the most important sorts of contaminant in the environment. Effect plume migration by hydraulically controlling groundwater at depths of 30 feet or more. The primer presents some of the advantages and technical. Phytodegradation, or phytotransformation, is the use of plants to uptake, store and degrade organic pollutants. Optimization of phytoremediation of leadcontaminated soil. Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals core. Finally, a matrix is provided to allow easy screening of the abstracted references. Increase soil health, yield, and plant phytochemicals. Use of brassica plants in the phytoremediation and. One plant used in phytoremediation for cleaner soil is alpine pennygrass because it was found to be able to remove 10 times more cadmium than any other known soil cleaning plant. Research focusing specifically on the phytoremediation of contaminated soils has only grown significantly in the last 25 years.
Phytoremediation is a green emerging technology used to remove pollutants from environment components. The word phyto stands for plant hence the remediation mediated by plant system. Phytoremediationbioremediation through the use of plants whichmitigate the environmental problem withoutthe need to excavate the contaminant materialand dispose of it elsewhere. It designates all vegetation based remediation measures. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals medcrave. Sep 12, 2017 phytoremediation phytoremediation definition. Baker ajm, mcgrath sp, reeves rd, smith jac 2000 metal hyperaccumulator plants. Phytoremediation 4 phytoremediation consists of mitigating pollutant concentrations in contaminated soils, water, or air, with plants able to contain, degrade, or eliminate metals, pesticides, solvents,explosives, crude oil and its derivatives, and various other. May 30, 2019 phytoremediation is popular in theory due to its low establishment cost and relative simplicity. Phytoremediation seminar report, ppt, pdf for chemical. It is a nonnative shrub which is originally from asia and europe.
A plant genetically modified that accumulates pb is. Phytoremediation is the name given to a set of technologies that use different plants as a containment, destruction, or an extraction technique. In denmark, phytoremediation projects on sites polluted. Use of vegetation, soil and micro biota along with other agrochemical practices makes the vegetative remediation an appealing green technology. Advantages the cost of the phytoremediation is lower than that of traditional processes both. Plants are known to be able to accumulate many heavy metals 9. According to a study, this grain is a suitable choice for phytoremediation of a petroleumcontaminated soil. Research focusing specifically on the phytoremediation of contaminated soils. However, certain factors influence the fluctuating economics of phytoremediation. In zinc and lead mines typha latifolia and phragmites australis have been successfully used for phytoremediation in china ye et al. Plants are used either to remove or to stabilize hold in place pollution in the soil. The mechanisms of phytoremediation include enhanced rhizosphere biodegradation, phytoextraction also called phytoaccumulation, phytodegradation, and phytostabilization. A plant has a potential for accumulating, immobilizing, and transforming a low level of persistent contaminants. The plants used in phytoremediation are generally selected on the basis of their growth rate and.
Phytoremediation is popular in theory due to its low establishment cost and relative simplicity. List of 10 plants used in phytoremediation health guide net. It involves the use of living plants and their related micro organisms to remove contaminants from the environment or to degrade contaminants to a lesser toxic form 1,2,6. These plant are found in the brassicaceae, euphorbiaceae, asteraceae, lamiaceae and scrophulariaceae familes. Assisting phytoremediation of heavy metals using chemical. This work may also be used to help guide research, development, and regulation. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to improve degraded environments. Gisbert and her team aimed to genetically modify a plant so that it could be used for phytoremediationusing plants to remove toxic substances from the soil. The use and effectiveness of phytoremediation to treat persistent organic pollutants 1. In the 1990s, there were several companies working with phytoremediation, including phytotech, phytoworks, and earthcare. Forumusing superplants to clean up our environment phytoremediation is an innovative use of green plants to clean up our environment. Initially, the scope of phytoremediation was limited, principally because of the low. Phytoremediation phytoremediation is defined as the use of green plants to remove pollutants from the environment or render them harmless. Phytoremediation can be used either as an in situ or ex situ application usepa, 2000.
Advantages of phytoremediation the most important of phytoremediation advantages are. Phytoremediation, the use of plants to remediate environmental media, is being pursued as a new approach for the cleanup of contaminated soils and waters. Phytoremediation plants used to clean contaminated soil. Purpose this project will investigate the usage of phytoremediation to treat soil and groundwater contaminated by persistent organic pollutants pops. In this process, the plant releases natural substances through its roots, supplying. Phytoremediation of copper contaminated water using. There are several different types of phytoremediation mechanisms. The authors have undertaken studies to evaluate the phytotechnological potential. Phytoremediation is a recently developed technology that offers a costeffective solution by using plants, and associated soil microbes, to reduce the content, or toxic effects, of contaminants in.
The ultimate goal is to use plants to reduce the risk of human exposure. Terry n, banuelos g eds phytoremediation of contaminated soil and water. Phytoremediation the permaculture research institute. Application of floating aquatic plants in phytoremediation of. Scientists have identified phytoremediation as an effective and efficient process to improve human health and reproductive health in contaminated areas. Phytoremediation has been studied extensively in research and smallscale demonstrations, but full. Dec 29, 2011 limitations phytoremediation is limited to the surface area and depth occupied by the roots.
Phytoremediation resource guide pdf 56 pp, 436 k, 1999, 542b. Phytoremediation can be used to clean up metals, pesticides, solvents, explosives, crude oil, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and landfill leachates. In this context, phytoremediation is being increasingly adopted wherein certain plants are used to adsorb or degrade the pollutants. Mechanisms used to remediate soils contaminated by heavy metal are. Phytoremediation is also a potentially profitable technology as the resulting biomass can be used for heat and energy production in specialized facilities. Phytoremediation processes rely on the ability of plants to take up andor metabolize pollutants to less toxic substances. Variety of organic and inorganic compounds are amenable to the phytoremediation process. Phytoremediation generally requires more space and time than alternative remediation strategies. Compared to other methods used to remove toxic substances from soils, phytoremediation is often less expensive, although it may take a long time. Explore phytoremediation with free download of seminar report and ppt in pdf and doc format. Depending on the plant, this depth can range from a few inches to several meters. The plant used in the phytoremediation technique must have a considerable capacity of metal absorption, its accumulation and reducing the time of decontamination of an ecosystem 8. Importance of phytoremediation phytoremediation is special application of bioremediation.
The uptake, accumulation and degradation of contaminants vary from plant to plant. Lead is highly toxic and can cause neurological problems. Nov 09, 2011 phytoremediation is regarded as the cheapest and environmentally most friendly technology for cleaning up soil. Phytodecontamination a subset of phytoremediation the concentrations of the contaminants in the soils of concern is reduced to an acceptable level through the action of plants, their associated microflora and agronomic practices. Phytoremediation techniques in wastewater treatment. Study on application of phytoremediation technology in.
Phytoremediation is a general term used to clean up contaminants using plants, or remediate sites by removing pollutants from soil and water chandra shekar et al 2003. Treat contaminated soil and groundwater to depths of 30 feet or more. Phytoremediation technology uses plants to clean contaminated sites and is a promising technology for restoring the environment and ecosystems pantola and alam, 2014. The most widespread and most profitable technique is phytoextraction, used mainly for removing heavy metals and radioactive elements from the soil.
Gary b, husein a, bruce m, wu l,davis uc, charles c, akohoue s, stella z 1996 evaluation of different plant species used for phytoremediation of high soil selenium. One of the few studies in this field was published by sun et al. This costeffective plantbased approach to remediation takes advantage of the remarkable ability of plants to concentrate elements and compounds from the environment and to metabolize various molecules in their tissues. Phytoextraction removes metals or organics from soils by accumulating them in the biomass of plants. Phytoremediation resource guide pdf 56 pp, 436 k, 1999, 542b99003. A good example is provided by boraphech, suksabye, kulinfra, konsang, and thiravetyan 2016 who used the popular plant sansevieria spp. Several methods already used to clean up the environment from these kinds of contaminants, but most of them are costly and difficult to get optimum results. Phytoremediation of lead in residential soils in dorchester, ma lead paint was widely used until 1978. Other large companies such as chevron and dupont were also developing phytoremediation technologies. It is a natural biological process of degradation of xenobiotic and recalcitrant compounds responsible for environmental pollution. Examples where phytoremediation has been used successfully include the restoration of abandoned metal mine workings, and sites where polychlorinated biphenyls have been dumped during manufacture and mitigation of ongoing coal mine discharges reducing the impact of contaminants in soils, water, or air. Phytoremediation is regarded as the cheapest and environmentally most friendly technology for cleaning up soil. Phytoremediation of indoor air also opens up new possibilities for human wellbeing. We used other terms such as toxic metal or trace element, none of them refers to the same elements, resulting equally unsatisfactory.
Phytoremediation may be applied to polluted soil or static water environment. As international journal of molecular sciences has. Phytoremediation is a bioremediation process that uses various types of plants to remove, transfer, stabilize, andor destroy contaminants in the soil and groundwater. Worldwide, trees, grasses, herbs, and associated fungi and microorganisms are being used increasingly for cleaning polluted sites. Phytoremediation can be used to decontaminate large areas without damaging the land. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with metals and. The term comes from the greek word for plants phyto that can detoxify, or remediate, soil or water contaminated with heavy metals or excess minerals. Plants used for phytoremediation in sustainable bioremediation treatmentcleanuprestoration projects to contain, degrade, or eliminate transient pollutionwaste andor onsite pollutiontoxins. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that has overshadowed earlier physical and chemical technologies used for soil reclamation, particularly because of its economic, industrial and commercial benefits. It also provides a brief summary of phytoremediation. Phytoremediation mechanisms of heavy metal contaminated.
Phytoremediation types of phytoremediation notes pdf. Pages in category phytoremediation plants the following 41 pages are in this category, out of 41 total. The burning of leaves or limbs of plants containing harmful chemicals could contaminate the air. This technique can be used along with or, in some cases, in place of mechanical cleanup methods. The plant is used in horticulture and its flexible branchlets are used in basketry. Phytoremediation is being evaluated at a variety of sites and on myriad contaminants to determine the conditions under which phytoremediation systems are effective in reducing contamination.
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